Choice A. Patients at continued risk for acute fetal deterioration (eg, after maternal abdominal trauma, bleeding placenta previa) require 24-hour continuous monitoring. This patient is not at risk for acute fetal compromise, so continuous monitoring is not necessary.
Choice C. Immediate delivery may be indicated for severe recurrent fetal heart rate decelerations, which typically indicate fetal hypoxia and acidemia. In contrast, a nonreactive NST result is followed by evaluation with a BPP. If the BPP result is also abnormal (eg, no fetal tone, no fetal movement), delivery may be indicated.
Explanation

This patient at 35 weeks gestation is evaluated for possible preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM). Patients with high-risk pregnancies or acute obstetric conditions (eg, suspected PPROM, vaginal bleeding, decreased fetal movement) require evaluation for fetal well-being with a nonstress test (NST) , which is continuous fetal heart rate monitoring for 20-40 minutes. An NST result is normal (ie,reactive,see image) ) if ≥2 fetal heart rate accelerations are present (with normal baseline, variability, and no decelerations), indicating that fetal oxygenation is adequate and the risk of fetal acidemia is low.

In contrast, this patient has a nonreactive NST result (ie, <2 accelerations,see image), which can be due to a benign cause (eg, fetal sleep cycle) or indicate potential fetal hypoxia/acidemia. Because a nonreactive NST result is nonspecific, it requires further evaluation with a biophysical profile (BPP) , an ultrasound test that assigns a score of 0 or 2 to each of the following 5 parameters: NST, fetal tone, movement, breathing, and amniotic fluid. An 8 of 10 score ,as in this patient (ie, −2 for nonreactive NST) is normal. Patients with a nonreactive NST result and normal BPP score receive reassurance and routine care.

Educational objective: In the assessment of fetal well-being, a nonreactive nonstress test result (ie, <2 fetal heart rate accelerations in 20-40 minutes) is nonspecific for fetal hypoxia and acidemia and requires further evaluation with a biophysical profile (BPP). A normal BPP score is 8-10 of 10. Patients with a nonreactive nonstress test result and normal BPP score receive reassurance and routine care.